Homelab, Linux, JS & ABAP (~˘▾˘)~
 

Tag: linux

Terminal

[Shell] User and Group management & File permissions

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  • User and Group management
    • id
    • useradd
      • -c – Full name
      • -e – Expiration date
      • -s – Default shell
      • -d – Home directory
    • passwd
    • usermod
      • -l – rename
      • -L – Lock
      • -U – unlock
    • userdel
      • -r – remove user data
    • groupadd
    • groupmod
    • gpasswd [-a -d -A] [user1, user2] [group]
    • newgrp [group]
  • su vs. su – vs. sudo
    • visudo
  • File permissions
    • UGO – User, Group, Other
    • RWX – Read, Write, Execute
    • chmod -R g+x (grant recursive execute permission to group)
      • r = 4
      • w = 2
      • x = 1
      • – = 0
      • rwxrwxrwx = 777
      • rw-rw-rw- = 666
      • rwxrwxr–- = 774
      • rw-rw—- = 660
      • rw-r—–- = 640
    • chown
    • chgrp
    • umask

https://www.sluug.org/resources/presentations/2020/2020-02-12_permissions.pdf

Homelab

[Router/Firewall] Hard- & Software Sammlung

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Software

Hardware

Einfach zu bedienende Fertiglösungen

Links, NAS

[NAS] OpenSource NAS-Systeme & Self-hosting Lösungen

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NAS

TrueNAS Core (FreeBSD) / TrueNAS Scale (Debian)
XigmaNAS (FreeBSD/FreeNAS, ehemals NAS4FREE)
OpenMediaVault (Debian)
Xpenology (bootloader for Synology’s DSM)
OmniOS Community Edition (Illumos) mit Napp-IT
Rockstor (CentOS)

Self-hosting / Hypervisor

YunoHost (Debian)
Proxmox (Debian)
OmniOS Community Edition (Illumos)
SmartOS (Illumos)
Danube Cloud (SmartOS)
XCP-ng (XenServer / heute Citrix Hypervisor)

Terminal

[Shell] SSH Passwordless Login Using SSH Keygen

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Generate key, copy key to server and finally ssh passwordless into your server.

ssh-kegen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id root@ip
ssh root@ip

View your generated key with:

cat /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa           #local
cat /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys  #server

To disable password authentication permanently you have to edit the ssh config. Be sure to first backup before editing. Now just set PasswordAuthentication to “no” in your config and restart the ssh daemon.

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_bak
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
service ssh restart
Manjaro, Mint, VirtualBox

[Linux Mint] Installing Manjaro KDE Plasma in VirtualBox 6.0 on Linux Mint 19.2 Cinnamon

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Install VirtualBox 6.0 on Linux Mint.

wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y virtualbox-6.0

Download the Manjaro ISO here.
Run VirtualBox and create a new VM with type “Linux” and version “Arch Linux (64-bit)”. If done, go to Settings -> Display and switch Graphics Controller to “VBoxVGA” to be able to change the screen resolution of your VM. For transparency effects, you can also check “Enable 3D Acceleration”.
(Changing this setting didn’t work on my existing VM, only when creating a new VM. So it’s important to do this step before installing the OS.)

Now go to Storage and add your Manjaro ISO as optical drive.

Start the VM and go through the Manjaro installation process. If done, shutdown your VM, go back to settings and remove the Manjaro ISO as optical drive. Else it will boot again into the installer. Now start the VM again.

To run with the VirtualBox Guest Additions, you only have to install virtual-box-utils inside your VM:

sudo pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils
Mint, Software

[Linux Mint] Install Bitwarden-CLI on Linux Mint 19.2 Cinnamon

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Find their GitHub here and their Documentation here. They recommend installing via NPM. So first we have to install the Node.js runtime if you have not yet.
If you follow the Node.js installation guide you would use:

sudo apt-get install curl python-software-properties
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo bash -

But this will lead into the following, since 19.2 Tina is not yet support (on 19.1 Tara it will run fine).

## Confirming "tina" is supported...

+ curl -sLf -o /dev/null 'https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x/dists/tina/Release'

## Your distribution, identified as "tina", is not currently supported, please contact NodeSource at https://github.com/nodesource/distributions/issues if you think this is incorrect or would like your distribution to be considered for support

So we have to do it manually. I used this little how-to I found on GitHub:

# Add missing signature
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 1655A0AB68576280

# Replace misconfigured  sources file. Change version of node you like to have. 8/10/12
echo -e "deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_10.x bionic main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
echo -e "deb-src https://deb.nodesource.com/node_10.x bionic main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list

# Update packages and install
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nodejs

Finally install Bitwarden-CLI with a single line.

sudo npm install -g @bitwarden/cli

Now you can login into Bitwarden. If you have enabled any two-step login method, you have to add the parameter “–method” and a specific value for the login in method, you can find here. In my case, “0”, as I’m using TOTP.

bw login --method 0

If you successfully logged in, you will get your session key and are able to read your passwords:

To unlock your vault, set your session key to the `BW_SESSION` environment variable. ex:
$ export BW_SESSION="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
> $env:BW_SESSION="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
You can also pass the session key to any command with the `--session` option. ex:
$ bw list items --session xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Mint, Software

[Linux Mint] Install Polybar on Linux Mint 19.2 Cinnamon

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Install dependencies:

sudo apt-get install cmake cmake-data libcairo2-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-ewmh-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-util0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev pkg-config python-xcbgen xcb-proto libxcb-xrm-dev i3-wm libasound2-dev libmpdclient-dev libiw-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libpulse-dev

Clone Polybar repo:

git clone https://github.com/jaagr/polybar.git

Build Polybar:

cd polybar && ./build.sh

During the installtion choose “install example configuration” and you will find it here:

$HOME/.config/polybar/config

Testrun the example configuration with the following command (the bar in this config is called “example”):

polybar example

Further configuration options can be found on their GitHub page.

Terminal

[Shell] Zsh + Oh My Zsh + Powerlevel10k

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Install Zsh (Shell)
https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Installing-ZSH

sudo apt install zsh
chsh -s $(which zsh)

Logout and login back again to use your new default shell.

echo $SHELL

Expected result: /bin/zsh

Install Oh My Zsh (Zsh framework with tools and themes)
https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

In addition I installed the Powerline Fonts:

apt-get install fonts-powerline

Restart your terminal to launch the Oh My Zsh configuration.
After the installation and configuration I usually add “neofetch | lolcat” at the end of my zsh config: ~/.zshrc

Install Powerlevel10K (Powerlevel10k is a theme for ZSH)
https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k#oh-my-zsh

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

Set ZSH_THEME=powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k in your ~/.zshrc.

I also installed the patched Meslo Nerd Font and set it as terminal font. Else some icons will not be displayed in Powerlevel10k.
Restart your terminal and go through the configuration steps. The result will look similar to this:

Or like this:

Next you could install a Zsh plugin like: https://nocin.eu/shell-zsh-autosuggestions/

Or check the OMZ Cheatsheet: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Cheatsheet