Terminal

[Terminal] Using rsync with –backup and –delete together

August 1, 2021 August 1, 2021

I’m using rsync to create backups from my NAS to an external HDD. The command looks like this:

rsync -azP --delete --exclude=/.zfs -b --backup-dir=Backup /mnt/nfs/photos/ /media/nocin/externalBackup/photos/

rsync parameter	description
-a –archive	This is equivalent to -rlptgoD. It is a quick way of saying you want recursion and want to preserve almost everything.
-z –compress	With this option, rsync compresses the file data as it is sent to the destination machine, which reduces the amount of data being transmitted
-P	The -P option is equivalent to –partial –progress. Its purpose is to make it much easier to specify these two options for a long transfer that may be interrupted.
–delete	This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the receiving side (ones that aren’t on the sending side)
–exclude	exclude files matching PATTERN
-b –backup-dir	With this option preexisting destination files are renamed with a ~ extension as each file is transferred. You can control where the backup file goes and what (if any) suffix gets appended using the –backup-dir and –suffix options.

But somehow it always created the Backup folder recursively again inside the Backup folder. So the first run created the /Backup folder, after the second run I’ve got /Backup/Backup, after the third run /Backup/Backup/Backup and so on..

The solution was to exclude the Backup directory using the --exclude command.

rsync -azP --delete --exclude=/.zfs --exclude=Backup -b --backup-dir=Backup /mnt/nfs/photos/ /media/nocin/externalBackup/photos/

I found a good explanation for this behaviour here: https://www.jveweb.net/en/archives/2011/02/using-rsync-and-cron-to-automate-incremental-backups.html

“If we are storing backups in the destination folder, or in a directory inside of the destination folder, the --delete parameter is going to delete old backups, as they are not in the source folder. Or attempt to as in the following situation:

Say, we already have a folder called backup inside of the destination directory, and we use rsync again, using --backup-dir=backup one more time. As rsync is going to attempt to delete every file and folder that is not in the source directory, it would backup the backup folder, which would create a backup folder inside our already existing backup folder, and then it would attempt to delete the backup folder and fail because it is using it to backup files.”

Software, Terminal

[Terminal] F2 – Command-line batch renaming tool

May 17, 2021 June 13, 2021

Project: https://github.com/ayoisaiah/f2
Wiki: https://github.com/ayoisaiah/f2/wiki
Installation: https://github.com/ayoisaiah/f2/wiki/Installation

curl -LO https://github.com/ayoisaiah/f2/releases/download/v1.6.1/f2_1.6.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvzf f2_1.6.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz 
chmod +x f2 
sudo mv f2 /usr/local/bin 
rm f2_1.6.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz

Renaming a file from ‘img’ to ‘Image’

# test run
f2 -f 'img' -r 'Image'
# performing the actual renaming
f2 -f 'img' -r 'Image' -x
# undo the changes
f2 -u -x

Or renaming episodes from 01_S1.MyEpisode.mp4 to S01E01.MyEpisode.mp4

f2 -f '.._S1' -r 'S01E%02d'

Mint, Software, Terminal

[Mint] Install PyWal on Linux Mint 20.1 Cinnamon

February 6, 2021 February 13, 2021

“Pywal is a tool that generates a color palette from the dominant colors in an image. It then applies the colors system-wide and on-the-fly in all of your favorite programs.”

https://github.com/dylanaraps/pywal/wiki/Installation

pip3 install pywal

I’m using Variety to change my wallpaper every day automatically. To always get the right colors in my terminal I added some lines in my .zshrc that will always grab the current wallpaper and pass it to PyWal. I’m sure a bash pro would do this in just one line… 🙂

#---PyWal---#
# load previous theme
(cat ~/.cache/wal/sequences &)
# get picture path
picturepath=$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri) 
# remove prefix & suffix
prefix="'file://" 
suffix="'"
picturepath=${picturepath#"$prefix"} 
picturepath=${picturepath%"$suffix"}
# set colors
wal -n -q -i "$picturepath"
#---PyWal End---#

There are many plugins/tools you can combine with PyWal:

https://github.com/frewacom/pywalfox

https://github.com/khanhas/Spicetify

https://github.com/themix-project/oomox

Mint, Software, Terminal

[Mint] Software I usually install on my daily driver

December 13, 2020 April 25, 2021

Software you get from the default repository’s:

sudo apt install \
chromium \
cantata \
vlc \
kdeconnect \
blueman \
flameshot \
skypeforlinux \
git \
python3-pip \
python-is-python3 \
thefuck \
fortune \
cowsay \
micro \
stacer \
variety \ 
conky \
tldr \
tmux \
bashtop \
birdtray \

AppImages

Remmina

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:remmina-ppa-team/remmina-next
sudo apt update
sudo apt install remmina remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-secret

Mainline – Ubuntu Mainline Kernel Installer

sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:cappelikan/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mainline

youtube-dl (Check the supported sites here)

sudo curl -L https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
#Set default download path
micro .config/youtube-dl/config
-o ~/Downloads/%(title)s.%(ext)s
#usage converting to mp3
youtube-dl -x --audio-format mp3 --add-metadata --embed-thumbnail https://youtu.be/dQw4w9WgXcQ

broot

echo "deb http://packages.azlux.fr/debian/ buster main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azlux.list
wget -qO - https://azlux.fr/repo.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
apt update
apt install broot

Lutris (Great guide: https://christitus.com/ultimate-linux-gaming-guide/)

# Install latest Drivers: https://github.com/lutris/docs/blob/master/InstallingDrivers.md
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dri:i386
sudo apt install mesa-vulkan-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386

#Add "RADV_PERFTEST=aco" to /etc/environment

# Install Wine https://wiki.winehq.org/Ubuntu
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main' 
sudo apt update
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable

# Lutris
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lutris-team/lutris
sudo apt update
sudo apt install lutris

Lolcat https://nocin.eu/shell-neofetch-lolcat/

Cinnamon Extensions https://cinnamon-spices.linuxmint.com/extensions/view/81

Zsh https://nocin.eu/terminal-zsh-oh-my-zsh-powerlevel10k/

Thunderbird with https://addons.thunderbird.net/de/thunderbird/addon/tbsync/ + https://protonmail.com/bridge/ and Thunderbird Conversations (+ configuring birdtray!)

Transmission Remote GUI https://github.com/transmission-remote-gui/transgui

FreeOffice https://www.freeoffice.com/de/download/programme

SAP Gui https://nocin.eu/sap-install-sap-gui-for-java-7-50-on-linux-mint-20/

Steam https://store.steampowered.com/about/

Telegram https://desktop.telegram.org/

Bashtop https://nocin.eu/software-bashtop-alternative-to-top-and-htop/

Increase GRUB Timeout

sudo micro /etc/default/grub

#Setze von 0 auf 5
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

sudo update-grub

Create new shortcut for the “System Monitor”

Copying my dotfiles over. First the .aliases

alias zoop="echo '👉😎👉 ~Zoop!~' | lolcat"
alias moo='fortune | cowsay | lolcat'
alias tux='fortune | cowsay -f tux | lolcat'
alias gnu='fortune | cowsay -f gnu | lolcat'


alias ll='ls -Al --color=auto --block-size=MB'
alias ls='ls -l --color=auto --block-size=MB'
alias cp='cp -vR'
alias rm='rm -vR'
alias mv='mv -v'
alias ln='ln -v'
alias mkdir='mkdir -v'
alias chown='chown -v'
alias chmod='chmod -v'
alias rmdir='rmdir -v'
alias tar='tar -xvf'

alias sudo="sudo " #Allows for aliases to work with sudo.
alias wget='wget -qc --show-progress' #Download with WGet with pretty and useful features.
alias grep='grep -sI --color=auto' #Colorful (auto) 'grep' output.
alias psf='ps -faxc -U $UID -o pid,uid,gid,pcpu,pmem,stat,comm' #Less excessive, current-user-focused ps alternative.
alias klog="sudo dmesg -t -L=never -l emerg,alert,crit,err,warn --human --nopager" #Potentially useful option for viewing the kernel log.
alias lsblk='lsblk -o name,label,fstype,size,type,uuid'


# Micro Editor
alias mic='micro'

# Column bereitet daten in spalten auf
alias mount='mount | column -t'

#mkdir && cd
function mcd() {
    mkdir -p $1
    cd $1
}

alias dl='cd "$HOME"/Downloads'

Followed by my .zshrc

neofetch | lolcat

# See https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes
# ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
ZSH_THEME=powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k

# zsh-syntax-highlighting has to be the last plugin!
plugins=(git tmux zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)

# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
 if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
   export EDITOR='micro'
 else
   export EDITOR='nano'
 fi

# To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh.
[[ ! -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.zsh

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

if [ -f ~/.aliases ]; then
. ~/.aliases 
fi
eval $(thefuck --alias FUCK)

Software, Terminal

Megarac SP Gui / IPMI

August 24, 2020 December 6, 2020

In meinem NAS nutze ich seit vielen Jahren als Motherboard ein ASRock C2550D4I mit einer recht stromsparsamen on-Board CPU und einer BMC/IPMI Schnittstelle, welche Fernwartung über einen separaten LAN Port möglich macht.

BMC = Baseboard Management Controllers
IPMI = Intelligence Platform Management Interface

Bei einem BMC Update hat sich leider die WebGui verabschiedet und ich musste mir die Sache auf der Konsole anschauen. Dafür habe ich IPMITOOL installiert und verwendet. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass lediglich die Netzwerkeinstellungen verloren gegangen sind.

Hier einige hilfreiche Befehle im Umgang mit dem IPMITOOL, welche mir geholfen haben. Über diesen Weg lässt sich ebenfalls das Passwort des Admin Users zurücksetzen.

# install 
sudo apt install ipmitool

# display sensor & network settings
sudo ipmitool sensor
sudo ipmitool lan print 1

#set network settings
sudo ipmitool lan set 1 ipsrc static
sudo ipmitool lan set 1 ipaddr 192.168.178.3
sudo ipmitool lan set 1 defgw ipaddr 192.168.178.1


# Reset password
# https://support.oneidentity.com/de-de/kb/261220/reset-the-bmc-ipmi-password
sudo ipmitool user list 1
ID  Name	     Callin  Link Auth	IPMI Msg   Channel Priv Limit
1                    false   false      true       ADMINISTRATOR
2   admin            true    true       true       ADMINISTRATOR
3                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
4                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
5                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
6                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
7                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
8                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
9                    true    false      false      NO ACCESS
10                   true    false      false      NO ACCESS
sudo ipmitool user set password 2
Password for user 2: 
Password for user 2: 
Set User Password command successful (user 2)


# IPMI reseten
# https://www.thomas-krenn.com/de/wiki/IPMI_BMC_reset_bei_IPMI_Problemen
sudo ipmitool mc reset cold
# or remote with
ipmitool -I lanplus -H ip_address -U admin -a bmc reset cold

# Wenn das nicht hilft, ggf. hier schauen:
# https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/kbs/details?targetId=kA00e000000CrKRCA0

Terminal

[Shell] User and Group management & File permissions

March 5, 2020 March 5, 2020

User and Group management
- id
- useradd
  - -c – Full name
  - -e – Expiration date
  - -s – Default shell
  - -d – Home directory
- passwd
- usermod
  - -l – rename
  - -L – Lock
  - -U – unlock
- userdel
  - -r – remove user data
- groupadd
- groupmod
- gpasswd [-a -d -A] [user1, user2] [group]
- newgrp [group]
su vs. su – vs. sudo
- visudo
File permissions
- UGO – User, Group, Other
- RWX – Read, Write, Execute
- chmod -R g+x (grant recursive execute permission to group)
  - r = 4
  - w = 2
  - x = 1
  - – = 0
  - rwxrwxrwx = 777
  - rw-rw-rw- = 666
  - rwxrwxr–- = 774
  - rw-rw—- = 660
  - rw-r—–- = 640
- chown
- chgrp
- umask

https://www.sluug.org/resources/presentations/2020/2020-02-12_permissions.pdf

Software, Terminal

[Software] Using pdfunite to merge PDF documents

February 3, 2020 January 26, 2021

First install pdfunite:

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install poppler-utils

Syntax:

pdfunite source1.pdf source2.pdf merged_output.pdf

If a pdf file is located in a different folder, you have to add the path like this: $home/Downloads/source1.pdf
If you want to merge all pdf’s of the current folder you cant type:

pdfunite *.pdf merged_output.pdf

An alternative with GUI is PDF Arranger.

Terminal

[Terminal] Shorcut overview

January 25, 2020 April 26, 2020

Further shortcuts:

Ctrl-L	Cleans the screen
Ctrl-Y	Pastes back the stuff erased by Ctrl-K or Ctrl-U
Ctrl-C	Aborts a application
Ctrl-Z	Suspend a application. Resume it again by `fg` (resume in foreground) and `bg` (resume in background). Use `jobs` if you have multiple suspended applications and use `fg %#` (where # is the job number) to get it back on screen or end it with `kill %#`.
Ctrl-D	is same as typing `exit`
Pos1	like Ctrl-A
End	like Ctrl-E
Ctrl-R	Search terminal history

Some of the shortcuts are also recognized by other applications, like Ctrl-U on Ubuntu’s graphical login screen.

Terminal

[Shell] Delete a folder and its content

December 14, 2019 December 15, 2019

If you downloaded a series there are often folders for each episode. Each episode folder often includes another folder called “Sample” with a short demo video file.

Series -> Season 01 -> Episode 01 -> Sample -> sample.mkv

To get rid of these you can use the “find” and “rm” command. To remove each sample folder with its content you have to use the remove command with an “-r”.

find -name "Sample" -exec rm -r "{}" \;

Terminal

[Shell] SSH Passwordless Login Using SSH Keygen

November 22, 2019 November 22, 2019

Generate key, copy key to server and finally ssh passwordless into your server.

ssh-kegen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id root@ip
ssh root@ip

View your generated key with:

cat /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa           //local
cat /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys  //server

To disable password authentication permanently you have to edit the ssh config. Be sure to first backup before editing. Now just set PasswordAuthentication to “no” in your config and restart the ssh daemon.

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_bak
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
service ssh restart